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    Title: Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds

    Author: Charles Mackay

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    Language: English

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# MEMOIRS
OF
EXTRAORDINARY POPULAR DELUSIONS
AND THE
Madness of Crowds.

By CHARLES MACKAY, LL.D.
AUTHOR OF “EGERIA,” “THE SALAMANDRINE,” ETC.

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.

N’en déplaise à ces fous nommés sages de Grèce,

En ce monde il n’est point de parfaite sagesse;

Tous les hommes sont fous, et malgré tous leurs soîns

Ne diffèrent entre eux que du plus ou du moins.

BOILEAU.

LONDON:
OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY,
227 STRAND.

1852.

## CONTENTS.

- Volume I.
  - Contents.
  - List of Engravings.
  - Preface.
  - The Mississippi Scheme.
  - The South-Sea Bubble.
  - The Tulipomania.
  - The Alchymists.
  - Modern Prophecies.
  - Fortune-Telling.
  - The Magnetisers.
  - Influence of Politics and Religion on the Hair and Beard.
- Volume II.
  - Contents.
  - List of Engravings.
  - The Crusades.
  - The Witch Mania.
  - The Slow Poisoners.
  - Haunted Houses.
  - Popular Follies of Great Cities.
  - Popular Admiration of Great Thieves.
  - Duels and Ordeals.
  - Relics.

## INDEX.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z

- Abraham, Noah, and Moses said to have been alchymists, i. 95, 114.
- Acre besieged in the Third Crusade, ii. 69;
  - its surrender to the Christians, 71.
- Addison’s account of a Rosicrucian, i. 177;
  - his opinion on duelling, ii. 281.
- Agricola, George, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 145.
- Agrippa, Cornelius, memoir, and portrait of, i. 138;
  - his power of raising the dead and the absent, 142.
- Aislabie, Mr., Chancellor of the Exchequer, his participation in the South-Sea fraud, i. 73, 78;
  - rejoicings on his committal to the Tower, 79.
- Alain Delisle. (See Delisle.)
- Albertus Magnus, his studies in alchymy, i. 99;
  - portrait of, 100;
  - his animated brazen statue destroyed by Thomas Aquinas, 100;
  - his power to change the course of the seasons, 101.
- Alchymists, the, or Searches for the Philosopher’s Stone and the Water of Life, i. 94-220;
  - natural origin of the study of Alchymy, its connexion with astrology, &c., i. 94;
  - alleged antiquity of the study, 95;
  - its early history, 96;
  - Memoirs of Geber, 96;
  - Alfarabi, 97;
  - Avicenna, 98;
  - Albertus Magnus, with portrait, Thomas Aquinas, 99;
  - Artephius, 102;
  - Alain Delisle, 102;
  - Arnold de Villeneuve, with portrait, 103;
  - receipt for the elixir vitæ ascribed to him, 103;
  - Pietro d’Apone, 104;
  - Raymond Lulli, with portrait, 105;
  - Roger Bacon, 110;
  - Pope John XXII., 111;
  - Jean de Meung, 112;
  - Nicholas Flamel, 113;
  - George Ripley, 118;
  - Basil Valentine, 119;
  - Bernard of Treves, 119;
  - Trithemius, 124;
  - Maréchal de Rays, 125;
  - Jacques Cœur, 132;
  - inferior adepts of the 14th and 15th centuries, 135;
  - progress of the infatuation in the 16th and 17th centuries, 137-189;
  - Augurello, 137;
  - Cornelius Agrippa, with portrait, 138;
  - Paracelsus, with portrait, 142;
  - George Agricola, 145;
  - Denis Zachaire, 146;
  - Dr. Dee, with portrait, and Edward Kelly, 152;
  - Dr. Dee’s “Shewstone” (engraving), 154;
  - the Cosmopolite, 163;
  - the Rosicrucians, 167;
  - Jacob Böhmen, 177;
  - Mormius, 178;
  - Borri, 179;
  - inferior Alchymists of the 17th century, 185;
  - their impositions, 188;
  - Alchymy since that period, 189-220;
  - Jean Delisle, 189;
  - Albert Aluys, 197;
  - the Count de St. Germain, 200;
  - Cagliostro, 206;
  - present state of Alchymy, 220.
- Alexius I., Emperor, his treatment of the Crusaders, ii. 17-19;
  - imprisons the Count of Vermandois, 23;
  - is compelled to release him, 24;
  - his fear of the Crusaders, 25;
  - his treachery at Nice, 28;
  - neglects the Crusaders at Antioch, 35, 42.
- Alexius III., usurping the Greek empire, is expelled by the Crusaders, ii. 77.
- Alexius IV. made Emperor of the Greeks by the aid of the Crusaders, ii. 77;
  - his deposition and murder, 78.
- Alexius Ducas (Murzuphlis) chosen Emperor instead of Alexius IV., ii. 78;
  - defeated by the French and Venetians, 79.
- Alfarabi, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 97.
- Almanac-makers: Lilly, Poor Robin, Partridge, Francis Moore, Matthew Laensbergh, i. 240.
- Aluys, Albert, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 97.
- American laws against duelling, ii. 299.
- Amsterdam, witches burnt at, ii. 160.
- Animal Magnetism. (See Magnetism.)
- Andrews, Henry, the original of “Francis Moore,” portrait, i. 244.
- Anna Comnena, her notices of the Crusaders, ii. 22, 25.
- Anne, Queen, duels in her reign, ii. 289;
  - her efforts to suppress them, 292.
- Antioch, besieged by the Crusaders, ii. 29;
  - is taken by treachery, 32;
  - sufferings of the Crusaders from famine and pestilence, 35;
  - pretended discovery of the Holy Lance (engraving), 37;
  - battle, and defeat of the Turks, 38;
  - retaken by Saladin, 63.
- Aquinas, Thomas, his studies in Alchymy, i. 99;
  - he destroys an animated brazen statue, 100;
  - his magical performances, 101.
- Arabia, the chief seat of the Alchymists, i. 96.
- Arnold de Villeneuve. (See De Villeneuve.)
- Arras, view of the Town-hall, ii. 101;
  - persecution of the Waldenses at, 115.
- Art, works of, destroyed by the Crusaders at Constantinople, ii. 79.
- Artephius, his extravagant pretensions as an Alchymist, i. 102.
- Astrology, its prevalence in England, i. 243;
  - account of Lilly’s prophecies, 244;
  - its connexion with Alchymy.
  - (See the Alchymists, Dr. Dee, &c.)
- Augurello the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 137.
- Augury, an almost exploded study, i. 272.
- Aurea-crucians, a sect founded by Jacob Böhmen, i. 177.
- Avicenna the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 98.

- Bacon, Lord, portrait of, ii. 286;
  - his opposition to duelling, 285, 287.
- Bacon, Roger, his pursuit of Alchymy, i. 110;
  - his scientific discoveries, 111.
- Bagnone, Francisco, the magnetiser, i. 272.
- Bailly, M., his account of Mesmer’s experiments, i. 281, 293.
- Baldarroch Farm-house, “haunted,” ii. 235;
  - investigation by the elders of the kirk; the noises caused by servant-girls, 237.
- Baldwin (King of Jerusalem), joins the Crusaders at Nice, ii. 27;
  - becomes prince of Edessa, 30, 41;
  - succeeds Godfrey as King of Jerusalem, 48;
  - bible of his queen (engraving), 50.
- Baldwin, Count of Flanders, chosen Emperor of the Greeks, ii. 80.
- Ballads. (See Songs.)
- Bamberg, view in; witches executed there, ii. 162.
- Banditti in Italy, ii. 256.
- Banking schemes of John Law, i. 4.
- Bank of England, its competition with the South-Sea Company, i. 48, 66.
- Baptism mocked in the witches’ “Sabbaths,” ii. 109.
- Barbarin, Chevalier de, his experiments in animal magnetism, i. 286.
- Barbarossa, the Emperor, commences the Third Crusade; his death, ii. 63, 64.
- Barthelemy, Peter, his pretended vision and discovery of the “holy lance;” its effect on the Crusaders; battle of Antioch, the Turks defeated, ii. 35-40;
  - charged with falsehood, subjected to the fiery ordeal, and burnt to death, 41.
- Bastille, the. (See Paris.)
- Bavaria, ordinance against moustaches, i. 302.
- Beards forbidden to be worn; religious and political prejudices, i. 296-303.
  - (See Hair.)
- Beckmann’s remarks on the tulip, i. 86.
- “Beggar’s Opera,” its popularity and immoral influence, ii. 258.
- Beranger’s Song, “Thirteen at Table,” i. 257.
- Bernard of Treves, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 119.
- Best and Lord Camelford, their fatal duel, ii. 297.
- Bethlehem, Shrine of the Nativity (engraving), ii. 43;
  - Richard I. arrives there; view of the city, ii. 73.
- Bible of the Queen of Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, (engraving), ii. 50.
- “Blue Beard,” the Maréchal de Rays his supposed prototype, i. 132.
- Blunt, Sir John, Chairman of the South-Sea Bubble, his share in the fraud, i. 63, 74, 77;
  - his examination by Parliament, 75;
  - his property confiscated, 81;
  - Pope’s sketch of him, 74.
- Bodinus, his persecution of witches, ii. 159.
- Boerhave, his belief in Alchymy, i. 185.
- Bohemund, his courage displayed in the Crusades, ii. 21, 28, 30, 31, 35, 38, 39;
  - takes Antioch, by treachery in the garrison, 32;
  - is made Prince of Antioch, 32, 41.
- Böhmen, Jacob, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 177.
- Bonfires on Tower Hill, on the committal of the South-Sea schemers, i. 79.
- Booker, an astrologer, notice of, i. 244.
- Boots, torture of the (engraving), ii. 131.
- Borri, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 179.
- Bourdeaux, haunted house at, ii. 221.
- Bourges, house of Jaques Cœur (engraving), i. 134.
- Boyd, Captain, killed in a duel, ii. 293.
- “Brabant Screen,” the, a caricature of the South-Sea Bubble, i. 76.
- Breda, siege of, i. 270.
- Bremen, Nadel’s escape from prison, ii. 257.
- Brinvilliers, Madame de, her atrocious murders; escape from France; subsequent trial and execution, ii. 208-214;
  - relics of her fate anxiously sought after, 305.
- Brown, Sir Thomas, portrait of; his belief in witchcraft, ii. 151.
- Bubble Companies, contemporaneously with the South-Sea Scheme, their extravagant character, i. 52;
  - profits of the promoters, 53;
  - declared unlawful, 55, 86;
  - companies dissolved, 57.
- “Bubble Cards,” or Caricatures, i. 60, 61.
- Buckingham, Villiers, Duke of, his rise in the favour of James I., ii. 197;
  - portrait of, 198;
  - suspected to have poisoned the king, 201.
- Byron, Lord, his trial for the murder of Mr. Chaworth in a duel, ii. 292.
- Byron, Lord, his poetical villains, ii. 259.

- Cagliostro, memoir of, i. 206;
  - his adventures in London, 209;
  - view of his house, 215;
  - implicated in the theft of the diamond necklace, tried and acquitted, 216-220;
  - again in London, imprisonment and death at Rome, 220.
- Cagliostro, the Countess, i. 208;
  - his accomplice; her wit, beauty, and ingenuity, 213-216.
- Cambridge University, annual sermon against witchcraft, ii. 127.
- Camelford, Lord, killed in a duel, ii. 297.
- Camhel, Sultan, his generosity to the Christians, ii. 84, 85.
- Campbell, Major, his duel with Capt. Boyd, and execution, ii. 293.
- Candlemas Eve, superstitious customs, i. 258.
- Cant phrases. (See Popular follies.)
- Cards. (See Fortune-telling.)
- Caricatures, referring to the Mississippi Scheme (four engravings), i. 25, 29, 37, 40, 44.
- Caricatures of the South-Sea Bubble (seven engravings), i. 60, 61, 68, 70, 76, 82, 84.
- Casaubon, his account of Dr. Dee’s intercourse with spirits, i. 155.
- “Chambre Ardente,” instituted by Louis XIV. for the trial of poisoners, ii. 214, 283.
- Change Alley during the South-Sea Bubble (engraving), i. 60.
- Charlemagne, his edicts against witches, ii. 109.
- Charles I. prevents a duel, ii. 287.
- Charles II., his disgraceful conduct in reference to a duel, ii. 288.
- Charles VI. of France, his studies in Alchymy, i. 117;
  - his work on that subject, 136.
- Charles IX. of France, his patronage of Nostradamus, i. 246;
  - portrait of, ii. 119;
  - his belief in witchcraft, 120.
- Chaworth, Mr., killed by Lord Byron in a duel, ii. 292.
- Chemistry, its connexion with Alchymy; valuable discoveries of the Alchymists, i. 207, 221.
- Children in the Crusades; their personal bravery, ii. 45;
  - are sold to slavery, 81.
- Children executed for witchcraft, ii. 163, 179, 181.
- Christina, Queen of Sweden, her patronage of Alchymy, i. 183, 185.
- Clermont, Urban II. preaches the Crusade there; cathedral of (engraving), ii. 9.
- Cock-Lane Ghost, history of the deception; views of the “haunted house,” ii. 228, 230.
- Cœur, Jaques, memoir of, i. 132;
  - his house at Bourges (engraving), 132.
- Cohreddin, Sultan, his generosity to the Christians, ii. 84, 85.
- Coke, Chief Justice, portrait of, ii. 199;
  - the poisoners of Sir Thomas Overbury tried by him, 198.
- Collins, Joseph, contriver of mysterious noises at Woodstock Palace, ii. 224.
- Comets regarded as omens, i. 223, 225;
  - actually dangerous, 228.
- Conrad, Emperor of Germany, joins the Crusades, ii. 56;
  - reaches Jerusalem, 60;
  - returns to Europe, 62.
- Constance, view of the town gate, ii. 116;
  - witches executed there, 117, 160.
- Constantinople during the Crusades, ii. 17, 23-26, 56, 77-80;
  - view of, 78.
- Contumacy (refusing to plead to a criminal charge); its severe punishment, ii. 199.
- Cornhill at the time of the South-Sea Bubble (engraving), i. 51.
- Cosmopolite, the, an anonymous alchymist, memoir of, i. 163.
- Cowley’s poetical description of the tulip, i. 86;
  - his lines on relics of great men, ii. 308.
- Craggs, Mr. Secretary, portrait of, i. 64;
  - his participation in the South-Sea Bubble, 64, 71, 73, 77, 78;
  - his death, 80.
- Craggs, Mr., father of the above, his participation in the fraud; his death, i. 80.
- Criminals, anxiety to possess relics of their crimes, ii. 306.
  - (See Thieves.)
- Cromwell, Sir Samuel, his persecution of “The Witches of Warbois,” ii. 126.
- Cross, trial or ordeal of the, ii. 264.
- Cross, the true. (See Relics.)
- Crusades, The, ii. 1-100;
  - differently represented in history and in romance; pilgrimages before the Crusades, ii. 2;
  - encouraged by Haron al Reschid; pilgrims taxed by the Fatemite caliphs; increase of pilgrimages in anticipation of the millenium, 3;
  - oppressions of the Turks; consequent indignation of the pilgrims, 4;
  - Peter the Hermit espouses their cause; state of the public mind in Europe, 5;
  - motives leading to the Crusades, 6;
  - Peter the Hermit stimulates the Pope; his personal appearance, 7;
  - council at Placentia, 8;
  - the Pope preaches the Crusade at Clermont, 9;
  - enthusiasm of the people, 10;
  - increased by signs and portents, 11;
  - zeal of the women, 12;
  - crowds of Crusaders, 13;
  - “The truce of God” proclaimed; dissipation of the Crusaders, 14;
  - popular leaders; Walter the Penniless, and Gottschalk, 15;
  - conflicts with the Hungarians, 15, 16;
  - Peter the Hermit defeated; arrives at Constantinople, 17;
  - the Emperor Alexius; dissensions and reverses of the first Crusaders, 18;
  - Peter the Hermit assisted by Alexius, 19;
  - fresh hordes from Germany and France; their cruelty to the Jews, 20;
  - defeated in Hungary; fresh leaders; Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh count of Vermandois, Robert duke of Normandy, Robert count of Flanders and Bohemund, 21;
  - the immense number of their forces; Hugh of Vermandois imprisoned, 23;
  - his release obtained by Godfrey of Bouillon, 24;
  - insolence of Count Robert of Paris; weakness of Alexius, 25;
  - the siege of Nice, 26;
  - barbarity of the Crusaders and Musselmen; anecdote of Godfrey of Bouillon, 27;
  - Nice surrenders to Alexius; battle of Dorylœum, 28;
  - improvidence and sufferings of the Crusaders, 29, 30;
  - the siege of Antioch, 29, 31;
  - Crusaders reduced to famine, 30;
  - Antioch taken by treachery in the garrison (engraving), 32;
  - the city invested by the Turks, 34;
  - increasing famine and desertion, 35;
  - Peter Barthelemy, his pretended vision, and discovery of the “Holy Lance” (engraving), 35-37, 40;
  - revival of enthusiasm, 38;
  - battle of Antioch, and defeat of the Turks, 38;
  - dissensions, 40;
  - fate of Peter Barthelemy, 41;
  - Marah taken by storm, 42;
  - shrine of the nativity at Bethlehem, (engraving), 43;
  - first sight of Jerusalem (engraving), 44;
  - the city besieged and taken, 45;
  - Peter the Hermit’s fame revives, 46;
  - Jerusalem under its Christian kings, 48;
  - Godfrey of Bouillon succeeded by Baldwin; continual conflicts with the Saracens; Edessa taken by them, 50.
  - Second Crusade:—Society in Europe at its commencement, 52;
    - St. Bernard’s preaching; Louis VII. joins the Crusaders, 53-55;
    - receives the cross at Vezelai (engraving), 54;
    - is joined by Conrad emperor of Germany and a large army, 56;
    - their reception by Manuel Comnenus, 57;
    - losses of the German army, 58;
    - progress to Nice, and thence to Jerusalem, 60;
    - jealousies of the leaders; siege of Damascus, 61;
    - further dissensions; the siege abandoned, 62.
  - Third Crusade:—Progress of chivalry, 62;
    - successes of Saladin, 63;
    - Barbarossa defeats the Saracens, 64;
    - Crusade joined by Henry II. and Philip Augustus, 64;
    - they meet at Gisors (engraving), 65;
    - the Crusade unpopular, 66;
    - delayed by war between France and England, death of Henry II.; Richard and Philip proceed to Palestine, 67;
    - Richard attacks the Sicilians, 68;
    - arrives at Acre, 69;
    - siege and surrender of the city, 71;
    - dissensions, Philip returns to France, Saladin defeated at Azotus, 72;
    - Crusaders reach Bethlehem (engraving), retreat agreed on, 73;
    - Jaffa attacked by Saladin and rescued by Richard, peace concluded, Richard’s imprisonment and ransom, 74.
  - Fourth Crusade, undertaken by the Germans; its failure, 75.
  - Fifth Crusade:—Foulque, Bishop of Neuilly, enlists the chivalry of France; assisted by the Venetians; siege of Zara, 76;
    - Crusaders expel Alexius III. from Constantinople, 77;
    - Alexius IV. deposed, 78;
    - Murzuphlis defeated by the Crusaders and Venetians, 79;
    - Baldwin count of Flanders, elected emperor; Pilgrimages to Jerusalem; children undertaking the Crusade are betrayed to slavery, 80.
  - Sixth Crusade, prompted by the Pope, 81;
    - undertaken by the King of Hungary; pursued in Egypt; Damietta taken, 82;
    - Cardinal Pelagius and John of Brienne, 83;
    - dissensions and reverses; Damietta abandoned, 84.
  - Seventh Crusade:—Undertaken by Frederick II. of Germany, 84;
    - intrigues against him; he is excommunicated, 85;
    - crowns himself King of Jerusalem, 86;
    - supported by the Templars and Hospitallers (engraving), 86;
    - returns to Germany, 87.
  - Eighth Crusade, commenced in France, 87:
    - battle of Gaza; Richard earl of Cornwall; truce agreed on; the Korasmins take Jerusalem, 88;
    - they subdue the Templars, but are extirpated by the Syrian sultans, 90.
  - Ninth Crusade, began by Louis IX., 90;
    - joined by William Longsword (engraving), 91;
    - the Crusade unpopular in England, 91-97;
    - Damietta taken, 93;
    - battle of Massoura; Louis taken prisoner by the Saracens; his ransom and return, 94;
    - excitement in France, 95.
  - Tenth Crusade, by Louis IX. and Prince Edward of England, 95;
    - Louis dies at Carthage, 96;
    - Edward arrives at Acre, 97;
    - defeats the Turks at Nazereth; is treacherously wounded; the legend of Queen Eleanor, 98;
    - her tomb at Westminster (engraving); a truce concluded; Edward returns to England; subsequent fate of the Holy Land, 99;
    - civilising influence of the Crusades, 100.
- Currency in France, the Mississippi scheme, i. 4.

- D’Aguesseau, Chancellor of France, his opposition to the Mississippi scheme, i. 11;
  - portrait of; his financial measures, 33.
- Damascus, besieged by the Crusaders (engraving), ii. 61.
- Damietta besieged by the Crusaders, ii. 83, 93.
- Dances of witches and toads, ii. 108, 109.
- D’Ancre, the Maréchale, executed for witchcraft, ii. 166.
- Dandolo, Doge of Venice, his encouragement of the Crusaders, ii. 76.
- D’Apone, Pietro, his studies in alchymy; his command of money; charged with heresy, is tortured, and dies in prison, i. 104;
  - portrait of, ii. 140.
- D’Argenson, French minister of finance, a supporter of the Mississippi scheme, i. 11, 42;
  - portrait of, 42.
- Dead, the. (See Raising the Dead.)
- De Bouteville, a famous duellist, temp. Louis XIII., ii. 280;
  - beheaded by the justice of Richelieu, 281.
- Dee, Dr., memoir and portrait of, i. 152;
  - his “shew-stone” in the British Museum (engraving), 154.
- De Jarnac and La Chataigneraie, their famous duel, ii. 273.
- Deleuze, M., his absurd theories on animal magnetism, i. 291.
- Delisle, Alain, an alchymist, i. 102.
- Delisle, Jean, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 189;
  - his success in transmuting metals, attested by the Bishop of Senes, 193;
  - his imprisonment and death, 197.
- Delrio, his persecution of witches, ii. 159.
- De Meung, Jean, author of the Roman de la Rose, his study of alchymy, his libel on the fair sex, i. 112.
- Demons, popular belief in, ii. 105;
  - their powers and propensities, 106, 107;
  - their meetings or “Sabbaths,” 107.
  - (See Witchcraft and the Alchymists.)
- De Nogent, his description of Peter the Hermit, ii. 7;
  - of the enthusiasm of the first Crusaders, 12, 23.
- De Rays, Maréchale, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 125.
- De Rohan, Cardinal, his patronage of Cagliostro, i. 213-215;
  - his connexion with Marie Antoinette and the diamond necklace, 216-220.
- D’Eslon, a pupil of Mesmer, i. 276, 280.
- Desmarets, Minister of France, his belief in alchymy, i. 192.
- Devil, the, old popular notions of, ii. 103;
  - various forms assumed by him, 106, 107;
  - presided at the witches’ “Sabbath,” 108;
  - his appearance to De Rays and Agrippa, i. 129, 142.
- De Villeneuve, Arnold, his skill as a physician, astrologer and alchymist (with portrait), i. 103.
- D’Horn, Count, murders a broker, and steals his Mississippi bonds (engraving), i. 21;
  - efforts to save his life, inflexibility of the Regent, his execution, 22, 23.
- Diamond, famous, purchased by the Regent Orleans, i. 27.
- Diamond Necklace of Marie Antoinette, history of the theft, i. 206-220.
- Diamonds worn by the Count St. Germain, i. 203;
  - his power of removing flaws in, 204.
- Digby, Sir Kenelm, a believer in the virtues of “weapon-salve,” i. 265.
- Diseases cured by imagination, i. 262, 272;
  - pretended influence of magnetism, 262.
  - (See the Magnetisers.)
- Divination, its popularity; by cards, the tea-cup, the palm of the hand, the rod, and other modes, i. 251.
- “Domdaniel,” or Witches’ Sabbath. (See Witchcraft.)
- Dorylæum, battle of, ii. 28.
- Dowston, John, an English alchymist, i. 136.
- Dramas on the adventures of thieves; their popularity and evil influence, ii. 253, 257-260.
- Dreams, interpretation of, i. 253.
- Dreams on particular nights, i. 258.
- Dream-books, their extensive sale, i. 254.
- Du Pompadour, Madame, and the Count de St. Germain, i. 201.
- Dupotet, M., his account of Mesmer’s experiments, i. 279, 285.
- Drummer of Tedworth. (See Haunted Houses.)
- Du Barri, Vicomte, killed in a duel at Bath, ii. 293.
- Duels and Ordeals, ii. 261-301;
  - the ordeal by combat, or trial by battle, its natural origin; authorised by law, 262;
  - discouraged by the clergy, 263;
  - the oath upon the Evangelists, 264;
  - judgment by the cross, 264;
  - fire-ordeal, 265;
  - ordeals used by modern Hindoos, 265;
  - water ordeal, 265;
  - the corsned, or bread and cheese ordeal, 266;
  - ordeals superseded by judicial combats, 267;
  - duels of Ingelgerius and Gontran (engraving), 269;
  - De Montfort and the Earl of Essex, 270;
  - Du Guesclin and Troussel (engraving), 261, 271;
  - Carrouges and Legris, 272;
  - La Chataigneraie and De Jarnac, 273;
  - L’Isle-Marivaut and Marolles, 276;
  - the Dukes de Beaufort and de Nemours, 282;
  - Count de Bussy and Bruc, 282;
  - frivolous causes of duels, 270, 271, 276, 282, 292, 296;
  - their prevalence in France, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282;
  - the custom opposed by Sully and Henry IV.; council at Fontainebleau (engraving), and royal edict, 277-279;
  - efforts of Richelieu to suppress duelling, 280;
  - De Bouteville, a famous duellist, beheaded by the justice of Richelieu; opinion of Addison on duelling, 281;
  - duels in Germany, 282;
  - severe edict by Louis XIV., 283;
  - singular laws of Malta, 284;
  - judicial combat in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; Lord Bacon opposes duelling, 285;
  - Lord Sanquir’s duel with Turner; his execution for murder; combat between Lord Reay and David Ramsay prevented by Charles I., 287;
  - Orders of the Commonwealth and Charles II. against the practice; Duke of Buckingham’s duel with Earl Shrewsbury; disgraceful conduct of Charles II., 288;
  - practice of seconds in duels fighting as well as principals, 280, 288;
  - arguments of Addison, Steele, and Swift, 288;
  - duels in England; Sir C. Deering and Mr. Thornhill; Duke of Marlborough and Earl Pawlet; Duke of Hamilton and Lord Mohun; trial of General Macartney, 289-292;
  - Wilson killed by John Law, i. 3;
  - Mr. Chaworth killed by Lord Byron, ii. 292;
  - Vicomte Du Barri by Count Rice, the Duke of York and Colonel Lennox, 293;
  - Irish duels, 294;
  - Major Campbell executed for the death of Captain Boyd, 296;
  - Macnamara and Montgomery; duels of German students, 297;
  - Best and Lord Camelford, 297;
  - Frederick the Great and Joseph II. of Austria opposed to duelling, 298;
  - other European edicts; laws of America, 299;
  - general reflections, 300.
- Du Guesclin and Troussel, their duel (engraving,) ii. 261, 271.
- Du Fresnoy’s history of the Hermetic Philosophy, i. 95, 96.
- Duncan, Gellie, and her accomplices tried for witchcraft; their absurd confessions, ii. 129-135.
- Duval, Claude, popular admiration of; Butler’s ode to his memory, ii. 255.

- Earthquakes prophesied in London, i. 224, 230.
- Edessa taken by the Crusaders, ii. 30;
  - retaken by the Saracens, 50.
- Edward I., his great seal (engraving), ii. 97.
- Edward II. joins the last Crusade, ii. 95;
  - arrives at Acre, 97;
  - treacherously wounded, 98;
  - his patronage of Raymond Lulli the alchymist, i. 108;
  - its supposed motive, 135.
- Edward IV., his encouragement of alchymy, i. 135.
- Edward VI., his patronage of Dr. Dee, i. 152.
- Egypt, the Crusaders in, ii. 83, 84, 90, 92, 93.
- Elias claimed as a Rosicrucian, i. 175.
- Elixir Vitæ. (See Alchymists.)
- Eleanor, Queen of Edward II., her tomb at Westminster (engraving), ii. 99.
- Elizabeth, Queen, her patronage of Dr. Dee, i. 153, 162.
- Elwes, Sir Jervis, his participation in the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, his execution, ii. 194, 197, 199.
- End of the world prophesied in the year 999, i. 222;
  - by Whiston in 1736, 223.
- Epigrams on John Law and the Mississippi Scheme, i. 24, 37.
- Essex, Countess of, afterwards Countess of Somerset. (See Somerset.)
- Executions for witchcraft. (See Witchcraft.)
- Ezekiel claimed as a Rosicrucian, i. 175.

- Falling stars regarded as omens, i. 223;
  - falling stars and other meteors before the Crusades, ii. 11.
- Faria, the Abbé, the magnetiser, i. 294.
- Fashion of short and long hair, beards, and moustaches, i. 296-303.
- Female Crusaders. (See Women.)
- Feudalism at the commencement of the Crusades, ii. 5.
- Fian, Dr., tortured for witchcraft, ii. 131.
- Finance in France; the Mississippi scheme, i. 2, 6.
- Fire-ordeal. (See Duels and Ordeals.)
- Flamel, Nicholas, the alchymist, memoir of i. 113.
- Florimond on the prevalence of witchcraft, ii. 115.
- Flowers, fruits, and trees, their significance in dreams, i. 254.
- Fludd, Robert, the father of the English Rosicrucians, memoir of, i. 173;
  - introduces “weapon-salve” in England, 265.
- Follies of great cities; cant, or slang phrases, ii. 239-248.
- Fontainebleau, council held by Henry IV. and edict against duelling (engraving), ii. 278.
- Food, its necessity denied by the Rosicrucians, i. 176.
- Forman, Dr., his participation in the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, ii. 194.
- Fortune-Telling, i. 242-258;
  - presumption of man; his anxiety to penetrate futurity, 242.
  - Judicial astrologers: Lilly, 243.
  - Astrology in France, Louis XI., Catherine de Medicis, Nostradamus (portrait), 246;
  - the Medici family, 247;
  - Antiochus Tibertus, 247;
  - horoscope of Louis XIV. 249;
  - Kepler’s excuse for astrology, 249.
  - Necromancy, Geomancy, Augury, Divination, 250;
  - various kinds of divination; cards, the palm, the rod, &c., 251;
  - interpretation of dreams, 253.
- Foulque, Bishop of Neuilly, promoter of the fifth Crusade, ii. 76.
- France, its finances in the eighteenth century; the Mississippi scheme, i. 5, 6;
  - the Crusade preached there, ii. 8;
  - the cathedral of Clermont (engraving), ii. 9;
  - executions for witchcraft, ii. 119, 122, 174;
  - existing belief in witchcraft there, ii. 189;
  - the slow poisoners in, ii. 208;
  - immense rage for duelling in France, 276, 277, 279, 280;
  - alchymy in France. (See the Alchymists, Paris, Tours, &c.)
- Franklin, an apothecary, his participation in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, ii. 195, 198, 199.
- Frederick the Great, his opposition to duelling, ii. 298.
- Frederick II., Emperor of Germany, undertakes the Crusade, ii. 84;
  - crowns himself king at Jerusalem, 86;
  - returns to Germany, 87.
- Frederick III. of Denmark, his patronage of alchymy, i. 183.

- Gambling speculations. (See Mississippi Scheme and South-Sea Bubble.)
- Garinet, Jules, his Histoire de la Magie en France, ii. 105, 109, 122, 189, 221.
- Gateway of Merchant-Tailors’ Hall, with South-Sea speculators (engraving), i. 62.
- Gay, the poet, his shares in the South-Sea Company, i. 65.
- Geber, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 96;
  - his scientific discoveries; English translation of his work, 97.
- Geomancy described, i. 250.
- Geoffrey, M., his exposure of the tricks of alchymists, i. 188.
- George I., his speeches and proclamation on the South-Sea Bubble, i. 47-55, 69;
  - his grief on the death of the Earl of Stanhope, i. 75.
- George III. refuses to pardon Major Campbell for the death of Capt. Boyd in a duel, ii. 294.
- Germany, executions for witchcraft, ii. 118;
  - duelling in, 282, 298;
  - alchymy in, encouraged by the emperors, i. 119, 135, 158;
  - the Rosicrucians in, 178;
  - animal magnetism in, 290.
- Gesner, Conrad, the first tulip cultivator, portrait of, i. 85.
- Ghosts. (See Haunted Houses.)
- Gibbon, Edward, grandfather of the historian, his participation in the South-Sea fraud, i. 73, 77;
  - heavily fined, 81;
  - his grandson’s account of the proceedings, 81.
- Gisors, meeting there of Henry II. and Philip Augustus (engraving), ii. 65.
- Glanvill, Rev. J., his work on witchcraft, ii. 148, 224.
- Glauber, an alchymist, i. 187.
- Glen, Lincolnshire, belief in witches there, ii. 185.
- Gnomes. (See the Rosicrucians.)
- Godfrey of Bouillon, his achievements in Palestine (engraving), ii. 21-24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 38, 39, 42, 46, 48.
- Gold, sought by the Alchymists. (See Alchymists.)
- Gottschalk, a leader of the Crusaders, ii. 15, 20.
- Gowdie, Isabel, her confession of witchcraft, ii. 136.
- Grafton’s Chronicle, account of Peter of Pontefract, i. 235.
- Greatraks, Valentine, his wonderful cures, i. 269-272.
- Great Seal of Edward I. (engraving), ii. 97.
- Gregorian chant, its merit tested by the ordeal of fire, ii. 266.
- Guise, the Duke of, his attempt to poison Gennaro Annese, ii. 202.
- Guizot, M., his remarks on the Crusades, ii. 51.
- Gustavus Adolphus an alchymist, i. 187.
- Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, besieges Acre, ii. 69.

- Hair, its length influenced by religious and political prejudices; legislative enactments, i. 296;
  - short hair of the Normans (engraving), i. 297, 303;
  - St. Wulstan’s antipathy to long hair, 297;
  - Serlo cuts off the hair of Henry I. (engraving), 296, 298;
  - Louis VII. and his queen, 299;
  - William “Longbeard,” 300;
  - Roundheads and Cavaliers, 301;
  - Peter the Great taxes beards, 301.
- Hale, Sir Matthew, portrait of, ii. 148;
  - his belief in witchcraft, 157.
- Hamilton, Duke of, his duel with Lord Mohun, ii. 290.
- Harcouet, his receipt for the Elixir Vitæ, i. 103.
- Harley, Earl of Oxford, the originator of the South-Sea Company, portrait of, i. 46.
- Haroun al Reschid, the Caliph, his encouragement of Christian pilgrims, ii. 3.
- Hastings, recent belief in witchcraft there, ii. 187.
- Hatton, Lady, her reputation for witchcraft; her house in Hatton Garden, (engraving), ii. 186.
- “Haunted Houses,” popular belief in, ii. 217-238;
  - a house at Aix la Chapelle, cause of the noises discovered, ii. 218;
  - alarm caused by a rat, 219;
  - the monks of St. Bruno, their trick to obtain the haunted palace of Vauvert, 220;
  - houses at Tours and Bordeaux, 221;
  - the story of Woodstock Palace, 222;
  - Mr. Mompesson’s house at Tedworth, 224;
  - the “Cock Lane Ghost,” history of the deception; believed in by the learned (engravings), 228;
  - the Stockwell ghost, 234;
  - Baldarroch farm-house, 235;
  - effect of education and civilisation, 238.
- Hawkins, Mr., engravings from his Collection of Caricatures, i. 29, 44.
- Haygarth, Dr., his exposure of Perkins’s “Metallic Tractors,” i. 289.
- Hell, Father, his magnetic cures; his connexion with Mesmer, i. 283.
- Henry I., his hair cut short by Serlo, his chaplain (engraving), i. 262, 264.
- Henry II. joins the third crusade (engraving), ii. 64.
- Henry VI. issues patents to encourage alchymy, i. 118, 135.
- Henry VIII., his invitation to Cornelius Agrippa, i. 140.
- Henry, Prince, son of James I. suspected to have been poisoned, ii. 200.
- Henry II. of France, his patronage of Nostradamus, i. 246;
  - said to have prohibited duelling, ii. 273, 275;
  - his death in the lists, 276.
- Henry IV. of France, portrait of, ii. 277;
  - his opposition to duelling, 277, 279.
- Hermes Trismegistus, the founder of alchymy, i. 95.
- Hermetic Philosophy. (See the Alchymists.)
- Heydon, John, an English Rosicrucian, i. 175.
- Heywood, his life and prophecies of Merlin, i. 233.
- Highwaymen. (See Thieves.)
- Hogarth’s caricature of the South-Sea Bubble (engraving), i. 82.
- Holland, the tulip mania. (See Tulip Mania.)
- Holloway’s lectures on animal magnetism, i. 287.
- Holt, Chief Justice, his opposition to the belief in witchcraft, ii. 152.
- “Holy Lance,” the, its pretended discovery (engraving), ii. 37.
- Hopkins, Matthew, the “witch-finder general,” his cruelty and retributive fate, (engraving), ii. 143-146.
- Horoscope of Louis XIV., i. 249.
- Hugh count of Vermandois imprisoned at Constantinople, ii. 21, 23;
  - at the siege of Nice, 26;
  - quits the Crusaders, 42.
- Human remains ingredients in charms and nostrums, i. 272.
- Hungary plundered by the Crusaders, ii. 15, 16, 20, 21.
- Hutchinson, Dr., his work on witchcraft, ii. 123.

- Imps in the service of witches. (See Demons and Witchcraft.)
- Ingelgerius count of Anjou, his duel with Gontran (engraving), ii. 269.
- Innocent III. and IV., promoters of the Crusades, ii. 75, 80, 81.
- Innocent VIII., his bull against witchcraft, ii. 117.
- Innspruck, view of (engraving), i. 181.
- Invisibility pretended by the Rosicrucians, i. 169, 178.
- Isaac Comnenus attacked by Richard I., ii. 69.
- Isaac of Holland, an alchymist, i. 136.
- Isnik, the Crusaders defeated at (with view of Isnik), ii. 19.
- Italy, slow poisoning in (see Poisoning);
  - the banditti of, ii. 256.

- Jaques Cœur the alchymist, memoir of, i. 132.
- Jaffa besieged by Saladin, and saved by Richard I., ii. 74;
  - view of, ii. 89;
  - defended by the Templars against the Korasmins, ii. 90.
- James I., his belief in the virtue of “weapon salve,” i. 266;
  - portrait of, ii. 134;
  - charges Gellie Duncan and others with witchcraft, 129;
  - their trial, confessions and execution, 129-135;
  - his work on “Demonology,” 139;
  - his supposed secret vices; his favoritism to the Earl of Somerset, the poisoner of Sir Thomas Overbury; himself thought to have died by poison, 193-202;
  - his severity against duelling, 287.
- Jean De Meung. (See De Meung.)
- Jerusalem (and see Crusades), engravings, ii. 44, 47, 49;
  - first pilgrims to, ii. 2;
  - besieged and taken by the Crusaders, 45;
  - its state under the Christian kings, 48, 49;
  - council of the second Crusade there, 60;
  - captured by Saladin, 63.
- Jewell, Bishop, his exclamations against witchcraft, ii. 124.
- Jews plundered and murdered by the Crusaders, ii. 20.
- Joan of Arc, her execution (engraving), ii. 114.
- John XXII. (Pope), his study of Alchymy, i. 111.
- Johnson, Dr., on the “Beggar’s Opera,” ii. 258.
- Joseph II. of Austria, his opposition to duelling, ii. 298.
- Judicial astrology. (See Astrology.)
- Judicial combats. (See Duels.)

- Karloman, King of Hungary, his contest with the Crusaders, ii. 20.
- Kelly, Edward, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 152.
- Kendal, Duchess of, her participation in the South-Sea fraud, i. 76, 77.
- Kent, Mr., accused of murder by the “Cock Lane Ghost,” ii. 229.
- Kepler, his excuse for astrology, i. 250.
- Kerbogha, leader of the Turks defeated at Antioch, ii. 34, 38, 39.
- Kerr, Robert, afterwards Earl of Somerset. (See Somerset.)
- Kircher abandons his belief in alchymy, i. 185, 183;
  - his belief in magnetism as a remedy for disease, 264.
- Knight, ——, Treasurer of the South-Sea Company, his apprehension and escape, i. 76.
- Knox, John, portrait of; accused of witchcraft, ii. 128.
- Koffstky, a Polish alchymist, i. 136.

- Labourt, France, 200 witches executed, ii. 166.
- La Chataigneraie and De Jarnac, their famous duel, ii. 273.
- La Chaussée, the accomplice of Madame de Brinvilliers, his execution, ii. 212.
- Lady-day, superstitions on, i. 258.
- Lamb, Dr., the poisoner, attacked and killed in the streets (engraving), ii. 202.
- “Lancashire witches” executed, ii. 141.
- Laski, Count Albert, his reception by Queen Elizabeth, his studies in alchymy, i. 155;
  - is victimised by Dee and Kelly, 157.
- Lavigoreux and Lavoisin, the French poisoners executed, ii. 215.
- Law, J., projector of the Mississippi scheme, his romantic history, i. 1;
  - his house in the Rue de Quincampoix, Paris (engraving), i. 13.
- Law, Wm., his participation in the Mississippi scheme, i. 9, 42.
- Le Blanc, the Abbé, on the popularity of Great Thieves, ii. 251.
- Lennox, Col., his duel with the Duke of York, ii. 293.
- Liège, Madame de Brinvilliers arrested there, ii. 213.
- Lille, singular charges of witchcraft at, ii. 169.
- Lilly, the astrologer, account of, i. 243.
- Lipsius, his passion for tulips, i. 86.
- London, the plague of 1665, i. 228;
  - inundation prophesied in 1524, i. 228;
  - the Great Fire, 230.
  - (See also Cagliostro, Change Alley, Cornhill, Merchant Taylors’ Hall, Tower, Westminster.)
- Longbeard, William, cause of his name, i. 300.
- Longsword, William (engraving), joins the ninth Crusade, ii. 91.
- Loudun, the curate of, executed for witchcraft, ii. 168.
- Louis VII. cuts short his hair, and loses his queen, i. 299;
  - joins the Crusaders, ii. 53;
  - is consecrated at St. Denis, 55;
  - reaches Constantinople and Nice, 58;
  - his conflicts with the Saracens, 59;
  - arrival at Jerusalem, 60;
  - his sincerity as a Crusader, 61;
  - returns to France, 62.
- Louis IX. undertakes the ninth Crusade, ii. 90;
  - his valour at the battle of Massoura, 94;
  - taken prisoner, 94;
  - his ransom and return, 94;
  - his second Crusade, 95;
  - effigy of (engraving), 220.
- Louis XI., his encouragement of astrologers, i. 246.
- Louis XIII., prevalence of duelling in his reign, ii. 280.
- Louis XIV., his bigotry and extravagance, i. 5, 6;
  - remonstrated with by his Parliament on his leniency to supposed witches, ii. 171;
  - portrait of, 177;
  - establishes the “chambre ardente” for the trial of poisoners, 214, 283;
  - his horoscope, 249;
  - his severe edict against duelling, 283.
- Louis XV., his patronage of the Court St. Germain, i. 201, 204.
- “Loup-garou” executed in France, ii. 120.
- Loutherbourg, the painter, his alleged cures by animal magnetism, i. 288.
- Lulli, Raymond, a famous alchymist, his romantic history, with portrait, i. 105;
  - his treatment by Edward II., 135.
- Lyons, view of, ii. 160.

- Macartney, General, second to Lord Mohun, his trial for murder, ii. 292.
- Mackenzie, Sir George, portrait of, ii. 138;
  - his enlightened views on witchcraft, 137.
- Macnamara and Montgomery, frivolous cause of their fatal duel, ii. 297.
- Magnetisers, the, i. 262-295;
  - effect of imagination in the cure of diseases, i. 262, 272.
  - Mineral Magnetism: Paracelsus its first professor, 263;
  - diseases transplanted to the earth; Kircher; “weapon-salve,” 264;
  - controversy on its merits, 265;
  - Sir Kenelm Digby’s “powder of sympathy,” 266;
  - other delusions, 268.
  - Animal Magnetism: wonderful cures by Valentine Greatraks, i. 269-272;
  - Francisco Bagnoni, Van Helmont, Gracian, Baptista Porta, &c., 272;
  - Wirdig, Maxwell, 273;
  - the convulsionaires of St. Medard, i. 273;
  - Father Hell, 274;
  - Anthony Mesmer, his history and theory, 275;
  - Mesmer, 276-283;
  - D’Eslon adopts his views, 278, 280, 281;
  - encouragement to depravity afforded by his experiments, 282, 293;
  - exposures by MM. Dupotet and Bailly, 279, 281;
  - Marquis de Puysegur, 283;
  - Chevalier de Barbarin, 286;
  - Mainauduc, Holloway, Loutherbourg, 287, 288;
  - Perkins’s “Metallic Tractors” exposed by Dr. Haygarth, 289;
  - absurd theories of Deleuze, 291;
  - the Abbé Faria, fallacies of the theory of, 294.
- Mainauduc, Dr., his experiments in animal magnetism, i. 287.
- Malta, its singular laws on duelling, ii. 284.
- Mansfield, Lord, trial of the “Cock-lane Ghost” conspirators before him, ii. 234.
- Manuel Comnenus, his treatment of the Crusaders, ii. 56, 58, 59.
- Marie Antoinette, history of the diamond necklace, i. 216-220.
- Marlborough, Duke of, his duel with Earl Pawlet, ii. 289.
- Massaniello, relics of his fate treasured by the populace, ii. 305.
- Massoura, battle of, the Saracens defeated, ii. 94.
- Mayer, Michael, his report on the Rosicrucian doctrines, i. 168.
- Maxwell, William, the magnetiser, i. 273.
- Medicis, Catherine di, her encouragement of astrologers, i. 246.
- Medici family, predictions respecting them, i. 247.
- Merchant Taylors’ Hall, view of gateway, i. 62.
- Merlin, his pretended prophecies, i. 232;
  - his miraculous birth, 236;
  - Spenser’s description of his cave, 237.
- Mesmer, Anthony, the founder of animal magnetism, his history and theory, i. 275;
  - his theory and practice, 276;
  - elegance of his house at Paris, 278;
  - infatuation of his disciples, 282.
- Metals, transmutation of. (See Alchymists.)
- Meteoric phenomena, their effect in inciting to the Crusades, ii. 3, 11.
- Meteors regarded as omens, i. 223.
- Milan, plague of 1630 prophesied, i. 225;
  - fear of poisoners, Mora and others executed, 226;
  - appearance of the devil, 227.
- Millenium, the, universally expected at the end of the tenth century, ii. 3.
- Mississippi Scheme, the, its history, i. 1-44;
  - financial difficulties in France, expedients of the Regent Orleans, i. 6;
  - official peculation and corruption, 7;
  - John Law’s propositions; his French cognomen, “Lass;” his bank established, 9;
  - his notes at a premium; branch banks established; Mississippi trading company established; bank made a public institution; extensive issue of notes, 10;
  - opposition of the Parliament, 11;
  - the Regent uses coercion; Mississippi shares rise, 12;
  - the Company of the Indies formed; magnificent promises; immense excitement and applications for shares; Law’s house in the Rue de Quincampoix (engraving), 13;
  - hunchback used as a writing-desk (engraving), 15;
  - enormous gains of individuals, 14, 16, 19, 20, 26;
  - Law’s removal to the Place Vendôme, 14;
  - continued excitement, 15;
  - removal to the Hotel de Soissons (engraving), 15;
  - noble and fashionable speculators, 17;
  - ingenious schemes to obtain shares (engraving), 18;
  - avarice and ambition of the speculators; robberies and murders, 20;
  - a broker murdered by Count d’Horn, and robbed of shares (engraving), 21;
  - temporary stimulus to trade, and illusive prosperity; Law purchases estates, and turns Catholic, 24;
  - his charity and modesty, 25;
  - caricatures of him, as Atlas, 25;
  - “Lucifer’s new row barge,” 29;
  - in a car drawn by cocks, 40;
  - increase of luxury in Paris, 26;
  - the Regent purchases the great diamond, 27;
  - symptoms of distrust; coin further depreciated, 28;
  - use of specie forbidden, at Law’s suggestion, 29;
  - popular hatred excited, 30;
  - fall of shares, 31;
  - conscription for the Mississippi gold mines (engraving), 31;
  - further issue of notes, and increased distrust and distress, 32;
  - payment stopped, and Law dismissed from the ministry, 33;
  - his danger from the populace, 33, 35, 38;
  - D’Aguesseau’s measures to restore credit (portrait), 34;
  - run on the Bank, 34;
  - fatal accidents in the crowd, 34;
  - the Mississippi and India companies deprived of their privileges, 39;
  - Law leaves France, 40;
  - D’Argenson’s dismissal and unpopularity, 42;
  - Law’s subsequent history and death, 43;
  - caricatures of the scheme in its success and failure, 25, 29, 37, 40, 44.
- Modern prophecies, i. 222-241.
- Mohra, in Sweden, absurd charges of witchcraft, and numerous executions, ii. 177.
- Mohun, Lord, his duel with the Duke of Hamilton, ii. 290.
- Mompesson, Mr., his “haunted house” at Tedworth, ii. 224.
- Money Mania. (See the Mississippi Scheme and South-Sea Bubble.)
- Montesquieu “Esprit des Loix,” ii. 262-267.
- Montgomery and Macnamara, frivolous cause of their fatal duel, ii. 297.
- More, Hannah, on animal magnetism, i. 287.
- Mormius, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 178.
- Mortlake, Dr. Dee’s house at, i. 153, 162.
- Moses cited by alchymists as an adept, i. 95;
  - claimed as a Rosicrucian, 175.
- Moustaches, fashion of wearing, i. 302.
- Mummies, an ingredient in charms and nostrums, i. 271.
- Munting’s history of the tulip mania, i. 87.

- Nadel, Mausch, a German robber, ii. 257.
- Naiades. (See the Rosicrucians.)
- Nantwich, Nixon’s prophecy of its fate, i. 240.
- Naples, arrest and execution of La Tophania, the slow poisoner, ii. 207.
- Napoleon’s willow at St. Helena and other relics, ii. 307.
- Naudé, Gabriel, his exposure of the Rosicrucians, i. 173.
- Necromancy, its connexion with alchymy, i. 129;
  - danger of its practice, 250.
- New England, women, a child, and a dog, executed as witches, ii. 180.
- Nice besieged by the Crusaders, ii. 26.
- Nixon, Robert, the Cheshire prophet, i. 238.
- Noah, the patriarch, a successful alchymist, i. 95.
- Noises. (See Haunted Houses.)
- Normandy, witches in, ii. 172.
- Nostradamus, the astrologer; his prophecies (portrait), i. 246.

- Oath on the Evangelists and holy relics, a test of innocence, ii. 264.
- Odomare, a French alchymist, i. 136.
- Official peculation in France under the Regent Orleans, i. 7.
- Omens: winding-sheets, howling dogs, death-watch, “coffins,” shivering, walking under ladders, upsetting salt, thirteen at table, piebald horses, sneezing, dogs, cats, bees, itching; Oriental belief in omens, i. 255.
  - (See Comets, Falling Stars, and Meteors.)
- Oneiro-criticism; interpreting dreams. (See Dreams.)
- Ordeals. (See Duels and Ordeals.)
- Orleans, Duke of. (Regent of France) portrait of; his patronage of the Mississippi Scheme, i. 5;
  - his financial errors, 10, 12, 33, 41;
  - enforces the execution of Count D’Horn for murder, 23;
  - his purchase of the celebrated diamond, 27;
  - his ill-treatment of Law, 33.
- Orleans, Duchess of, her remarks on the Mississippi scheme, i. 5, 19, 24, 35, 36.
- Ortholani, a French alchymist, i 136.
- Overbury, Sir Thomas, portrait of, ii. 195;
  - poisoned by the Earl and Countess of Somerset and their accomplices, 193-201.

- Palestine. (See the Crusades.)
- Palmistry. (See Fortune-Telling.)
- Paper currency, introduced in France by John Law, i. 4.
- Paracelsus, memoir and portrait of, i. 142;
  - his singular doctrines, 145;
  - the first of the magnetisers, 262.
- Paris, the Palais Royal (engraving), i. 12;
  - John Law’s house, Rue de Quincampoix (engraving), 13;
  - Hotel de Soissons (engraving), 16;
  - incidents of the Mississippi scheme (four engravings), i. 15, 18, 21, 31;
  - the Place de Grêve (engraving), ii. 192;
  - the Bastile (engraving), ii. 209;
  - house of Nicholas Flamel, in the rue de Marivaux, i. 118;
  - the Rosicrucians in, i. 170-173;
  - Mesmer’s house; his experiments, 278.
- Parsons and his family, concoctors of the “Cock Lane Ghost” deception, ii. 228.
- Paul’s Cross, Dr. Lamb, the poisoner, attacked and killed there (engraving), ii. 202.
- Persecution of alleged witches. (See Witches.)
- Peter the Great taxes beards (portrait), i. 267.
- Peter the Hermit. (See the Crusades.)
- Peter of Lombardy, an alchymist, i. 136.
- Peter of Pontefract, his false prophecies described by Grafton, i. 234.
- Petronella, the wife of Nicholas Flamel, i. 116.
- Philalethes, Eugenius, a Rosicrucian, i. 175.
- Philip I. excommunicated, ii. 8.
- Philip Augustus joins the third crusade (engraving), ii. 64, 66;
  - his jealousy of Richard I., 69, 71;
  - returns to France, 72.
- Philip IV., portrait of, ii. 112;
  - his persecution of the Templars, ii. 113.
- Philosopher’s stone, searchers for the. (See Alchymists.)
- Pietro D’Apone. (See D’Apone.)
- Pigray on witchcraft in France, ii. 122.
- Pilgrimages to Jerusalem before the Crusades, ii. 2.
- Pilgrim’s staff (engraving), ii. 56.
- Place de Grêve (engraving), ii. 192;
  - Madame de Brinvilliers; La Chaussée and others executed there for poisoning, 212, 213, 215.
- Plague at Milan prophesied, i. 225.
- Plays on the adventures of thieves, their evil influence, ii. 253, 257.
- Poisoning, in Greece and Rome; its spread in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; declared high treason in England, ii. 192;
  - Sir Thomas Overbury poisoned; full history of his case, with portraits of Overbury, the Earl and Countess of Somerset, Lord Coke, and Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, 193-201;
  - suspicious death of Prince Henry, son of James I., 200;
  - Buckingham said to have poisoned James I., 201;
  - fate of Dr. Lamb, the poisoner (engraving), 202;
  - slow poisoning in Italy, its general prevalence; employed by the Duke of Guise; much used by Roman ladies to poison husbands, 203;
  - trial and execution of La Spara and others; other women punished, 204;
  - atrocious crimes of La Tophania; the nature of her poison; protected in sanctuary by the clergy of Naples; seized by the viceroy, tried, and executed, 206-208.
  - In France: Exili, Glaser, and Sainte Croix, the first criminals, 208;
  - Madame de Brinvilliers and Sainte Croix; their crimes and punishment, 208-214;
  - M. de Penautier charged with poisoning; popular mania for the crime, 214;
  - Lavoisin and Lavigoreux executed, 215;
  - charges against the Marshal de Luxembourg and the Countess of Soissons; recent revival of the crime in England, 216.
- Pope, his sketch of Sir John Blunt, Chairman of the South-Sea Company, i. 74.
- Popular Follies of Great Cities, ii. 239-248.
  - Cant or slang phrases:
    - “Quoz,” 240;
    - “What a shocking bad hat,” 240;
    - “Hookey Walker,” 241;
    - “There he goes with his eye out,” 242;
    - “Has your mother sold her mangle?” 242;
    - “Flare up,” 242;
    - “Does your mother know you’re out?” 244;
    - “Who are you?” 244.
  - Songs:
    - “Cherry ripe,” 246;
    - “The Sea,” 247;
    - “Jim Crow,” 247.
- Portraits.—John Law, i. 1;
  - the Regent Orleans, 5;
  - D’Aguesseau, 34;
  - D’Argenson, 42;
  - Earl of Sunderland, 80;
  - Harley Earl of Oxford, 46;
  - Sir Robert Walpole, 49;
  - Mr. Secretary Craggs, 64;
  - Conrad Gesner, the first tulip cultivator, 85;
  - Albertus Magnus, 100;
  - Arnold de Villeneuve, 103;
  - Raymond Lulli, 105;
  - Cornelius Agrippa, 138;
  - Panacelsus, 142;
  - Dr. Dee, 152;
  - Philip IV., ii. 112;
  - Charles IX., 119;
  - John Knox, 128;
  - James I., 134;
  - Sir George Mackenzie, 138;
  - Pietro d’Apone, 140;
  - Sir Matthew Hale, 148;
  - Sir Thomas Brown, 151;
  - Louis XIV., 177;
  - Henry Andrews, the original of “Francis Moore,” i. 244;
  - Nostradamus, 246;
  - Peter the Great, 267;
  - Sir Thomas Overbury, ii. 195;
  - Villiers duke of Buckingham, 198;
  - Lord Chief Justice Coke, 199;
  - Earl and Countess of Somerset, 200, 201;
  - Henry IV. of France, 277;
  - Lord Bacon, 286.
- Political prejudices and enactments against long hair and beards, i. 296-303.
- Poetry and romance, their obligations to the Rosicrucians, i. 179.
- Powell, Chief Justice, his opposition to the belief in witchcraft, ii. 152.
- Prophecies: Plague of Milan, i. 225;
  - plague of London, 1665, inundation of London, 1528, 228;
  - great fire, 1666; earthquake, 1842, 230;
  - Mother Shipton, with view of her cottage, 232, 241;
  - Merlin, 232-238;
  - Peter of Pontefract, 234;
  - Robert Nixon the Cheshire prophet, 238;
  - almanac-makers, 240 (see Fortune-Telling);
  - end of the world, 222, 224;
  - earthquakes, 224.
  - (See Modern Prophecies, the Crusades, Peter Barthelemy, &c.)
- Puysegur, the Marquis de, his discovery of clairvoyance; his magnetic elm, i. 283-286.

- Raising the dead and absent, a power ascribed to Cornelius Agrippa, i. 142;
  - and Cagliostro, 217.
- Raleigh, Sir Walter, an inveterate duellist, abandons the custom, ii. 297.
- Raymond of Toulouse, a leader of the first crusade, ii. 21, 26, 29, 31, 34, 45, 46;
  - his supposed collusion with Peter Barthelemy, 35, 37, 41;
  - at the siege of Jerusalem, 46.
- Raymond Lulli. (See Lulli.)
- Reinaldo, a leader of the first crusade, ii. 18.
- Relics, brought by the early pilgrims from Palestine, ii. 2;
  - swearing on, a test of innocence, 264;
  - fragments of the true cross; bones of saints; tears of the Saviour; tears and milk of the Virgin; Santa Scala at Rome; relics of Longbeard, Massaniello, La Brinvilliers, Dr. Dodd, Fauntleroy, Thurtell, Corder, Greenacre, Thom, Shakspere, Napoleon, Waterloo, 302-308.
- Religious prejudices and ordinances against long hair and beards, i. 296-303.
- Rhodes, Richard I. at (engraving), ii. 69.
- Rice, Count, tried for killing Du Barri in a duel, ii. 293.
- Richard I. sets out for Palestine, ii. 67;
  - attacks the Sicilians, 68;
  - arrives at Rhodes (engraving), 69;
  - his queen Berengaria (engraving), 70;
  - captures Acre, 71;
  - reaches Bethlehem (engraving), 73;
  - his concern on being obliged to retreat, 74;
  - his reputation in Palestine, 74.
- Richelieu an alchymist, i. 198;
  - his opposition to duelling, ii. 279, 280.
- Ripley, George, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 118.
- Robert duke of Normandy, a leader of the Crusades, ii. 21, 31, 39, 46.
- Robert count of Flanders, a leader of the first Crusade, ii. 21, 30, 31.
- Robert of Paris (Count), his insolence to the Emperor Alexius, ii. 25;
  - killed at the battle of Dorylæum, 29.
- Robin Hood, popular admiration of, ii. 250.
- Robinson, Ann, the Stockwell “Ghost,” ii. 234.
- Rochester, Viscount, afterwards Earl of Somerset. (See Somerset.)
- Roger Bacon. (See Bacon.)
- Romance and poetry, their obligations to the Rosicrucians, i. 179.
- Rosenberg (Count), a patron of Dr. Dee, i. 159.
- Rosicrucians, the, their romantic doctrines; history of their progress, i. 167;
  - their poetical doctrines, sylphs, naiades, gnomes, and salamanders, 172, 179.
- Rouen, view in, ii. 171;
  - the Parliament remonstrate with Louis XIV. on his leniency to suspected witches, 172.
- Rudolph (I. and II.), Emperors, their encouragement of alchymy, i. 158, 165.
- Rupecissa, John de, a French alchymist, i. 136.
- Russia, tax on beards imposed by Peter the Great, i. 301.

- “Sabbaths,” or meetings of witches and demons, ii. 107, 133.
  - (See Witchcraft.)
- Sainte Croix, the slow poisoner in France, his crimes and death, ii. 208, 211.
- Saints, relics of, ii. 304.
- Saladin, his military successes, ii. 63;
  - his defence of Acre, 69, 71;
  - defeated at Azotus, 72;
  - and at Jaffa, 74.
- “Saladin’s tithe,” a tax enforced by the Crusaders, ii. 65.
- Salamanders. (See the Rosicrucians.)
- Santa Scala, or Holy Stairs, at Rome, ii. 304.
- Schinderhannes, the German robber, ii. 256.
- Scotland, witchcraft in. (See Witchcraft.)
- Scott, Sir Walter, his anachronisms on the Crusades, ii. 74, 98.
  - “Scratching Fanny,” or the Cock Lane Ghost; her remains in the vault of St. John’s Church, Clerkenwell, ii. 230.
- Seal of Edward I. (engraving), ii. 97.
- Seifeddoulet, the Sultan, his reception of Alfarabi, the alchymist, i. 98.
- Semlin attacked by the Crusaders, ii. 15.
- Sendivogius, a Polish alchymist, i. 164, 165.
- Senés, Bishop of, his report on Jean Delisle’s success in alchymy, i. 193.
- Serlo cuts off the hair of Henry I. (engraving), i. 296, 298.
- Seton, the Cosmopolite, an alchymist; memoir of, i. 163.
- Sevigné, Madame, her account of Madame de Brinvilliers, ii. 208, 213.
- Shakespere’s Mulberry-tree, ii. 307.
- Sharp, Giles, contriver of mysterious noises at Woodstock Palace, ii. 224.
- Shem, the son of Noah, an alchymist, i. 95.
- Sheppard, Jack, his popularity—lines on his portrait by Thornhill, ii. 252;
  - evil effect of a novel and melo-dramas representing his career, 253.
- Sherwood Forest, and Robin Hood (engraving), ii. 249, 250.
- Shipton, Mother, her prophecy of the fire of London, i. 230;
  - her popularity, 231;
  - view of her cottage, 241.
- Simeon, the Patriarch, a promoter of the Crusades, ii. 7.
- Slang phrases. (See Popular Follies.)
- Slow Poisoners, the. (See Poisoning.)
- Smollett, on history and the South-Sea Bubble, i. 67.
- Soliman the Sultan, his conflict with the Crusaders, ii. 18.
- Somerset, the Earl of (poisoner of Sir Thos. Overbury), portrait of, ii. 200;
  - his origin and rise at court; supposed vicious connexion with James I.; his intrigue and marriage with the Countess of Essex; the murder of Overbury; the earl’s trial and sentence, 193-201.
- Somerset, the Countess of, her participation in the murder of Sir Thos. Overbury, with portrait, ii. 201.
- Songs:
  - on the Mississippi scheme, i. 36;
  - on the South-Sea Bubble, 50;
  - on famous thieves, ii. 260;
  - on witchcraft, popular in Germany, 165;
  - popularity of “Cherry Ripe,” “The Sea,” “Jim Crow,” 246.
- Songs, Beranger’s “Thirteen at Table,” i. 257.
- Songs of the Rosicrucians, i. 168, 204.
- Sorcery. (See Witchcraft and Alchemy.)
- Sorel, Agnes, her patronage of Jacques Cœur, the alchymist, i. 132.
- South-Sea Bubble, history of, i. 45-84;
  - the Company originated by Harley, Earl of Oxford; its primary object, 45;
  - visionary ideas of South-Sea trade; restrictions imposed by Spanish Government, 46;
  - proposals to Parliament to reduce the debt; capital increased to twelve millions; success of the Company, 47;
  - its application to take the whole state debt; counter application by the Bank of England; the former adopted by Parliament; stock rises from 130 to 300, 48;
  - Sir R. Walpole’s warning; directors’ exertions to raise the prices, 49;
  - bill passed; great demand for shares, 50;
  - other bubble schemes started and encouraged, 51, 52;
  - eighty-six of them dissolved, 55, 57;
  - shares at 400; fall to 290, but raised by the directors’ schemes, 51;
  - dividend declared; increased excitement, 52;
  - Swift’ lines on Change Alley; extent of the delusion; frauds of schemers, 54;
  - fears of the judicious; bubble companies proclaimed unlawful, 55;
  - continued excitement; stock at 1000, 62, 63;
  - Sir John Blunt, the chairman, sells out; stock falls; meeting of the company; Mr. Secretary Craggs supports directors, 63;
  - increased panic; negociation with Bank of England, 64, 65;
  - they agree to circulate the company’s bonds, 66;
  - total failure of the company; social and moral evils of the scheme, 67;
  - arrogance of the directors; petitions for vengeance on them; King’s speech to Parliament, 69;
  - debates thereon, 69, 71;
  - punishment resolved on, 70;
  - Walpole’s plan to restore credit; officers of the company forbidden to leave England, 71;
  - ministers proved to have been bribed by shares, 73, 77;
  - directors apprehended; treasurer absconds, 73;
  - measures to arrest him, 73, 74;
  - directors expelled from Parliament, 74;
  - chairman’s examination, 75;
  - treasurer imprisoned at Antwerp, but escapes, 76;
  - reports on the details of the fraud, 76;
  - Mr. Stanhope, Secretary to Treasury, charged but acquitted; dissatisfaction thereon, 78;
  - Mr. Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer, committed to the Tower, and consequent rejoicings (engraving), 79;
  - Sir George Caswall punished; the Earl of Sunderland acquitted; death of Mr. Secretary Craggs, and his father, participators in the fraud, 80;
  - heavy fines on the directors; account of these proceedings by Gibbon the historian, 81;
  - measures adopted to restore credit, 83;
  - caricatures by Hogarth and others (seven engravings), 60, 61, 68, 70, 76, 82, 84.
- South-Sea House, view of, i. 45.
- Spara, Hieronyma, the slow poisoner of Rome, her trial and execution, ii. 205.
- Speculations. (See Money Mania, the Mississippi Scheme, South-Sea Bubble, and Bubble Schemes.)
- Spenser, his description of Merlin and his cave, i. 232, 237.
- Spirits. (See Demons, Witchcraft, Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus, &c.)
- Sprenger, a German witch-finder; his persecutions, ii. 118-159.
- St. Bernard preaches the second Crusade, ii. 53, 55;
  - his miracles, 56;
  - failure of his prophecies, 62.
- St. Dunstan and the devil, ii. 103.
- St. Evremond, his account of the impositions of Valentine Greatraks, i. 270.
- St. Germain (Count de), the alchymist, memoir of, i. 200;
  - his profusion of jewels, 203;
  - his pretensions to long life, 205.
- St. John’s Eve, St. Mark’s Eve, St. Swithin’s Eve, superstitious customs, i. 258.
- Stanhope, Earl, supports the proposition to punish the directors of the South-Sea Company, i. 72, 73;
  - is stigmatised in Parliament, and dies suddenly, 75.
- Stanhope, Charles, secretary to Treasury;
  - his participation in the South-Sea fraud, i. 77, 78;
  - his acquittal by parliament, and consequent disturbances, 78.
- Stedinger, the, a section of the Frieslanders; their independence; accused of witchcraft by the Pope, and exterminated by the German nobles, ii. 110, 111.
- Stephen, king of Poland, his credulity and superstition, i. 159.
- Stock jobbing. (See South-Sea Bubble.)
  - “Stock Jobbing Cards,” or caricatures of the South-Sea Bubble (two engravings), i. 60, 61.
- Stonehenge ascribed to Merlin, i. 237.
- Suger dissuades Louis VII. from the Crusade, ii. 55-62.
- Sully, his wise opposition to duelling, ii. 279
- Sunderland, Earl of, portrait of, i. 80;
  - his participation in the South-Sea Bubble, i. 50, 77, 78;
  - discontent at his acquittal, 80.
- Superstitions on the 1st of January, Valentine Day, Lady Day, St. Swithin’s Eve, St. Mark’s Eve, Candlemas Eve, Midsummer, St. John’s Eve, 29th February, 258.
- Surrey and the fair Geraldine; the vision shewn by Cornelius Agrippa, i. 142.
- Sweden, executions for witchcraft, ii. 177.
- Sylphs. (See the Rosicrucians.)
- Syria. (See the Crusades.)

- Tancred, his achievements in the first Crusade, ii. 26, 35, 38, 39, 45.
- Tax on beards imposed by Peter the Great, i. 301.
- Tedworth, Wiltshire, the “haunted house” there; narrative of the deception, ii. 224.
- Tempests caused by witches, ii. 102, 106, 133, 134.
- Templars, Knights, subdued by Saladin, ii. 63;
  - support Frederick II. in the seventh Crusade, 86;
  - their subsequent reverses, 87, 90, 99;
  - accused of witchcraft, 112;
  - persecuted by Philip IV.; the grand master burnt, 113.
- Têtenoire, a famous French thief, ii. 255.
- Theatrical productions, on the lives of robbers; their pernicious influence, ii. 253-257.
- Thieves, Popular admiration of Great, ii. 249-260;
  - Robin Hood, ii. 250;
  - Dick Turpin, 251;
  - Jack Sheppard, 252;
  - Jonathan Wild, 254;
  - Claude Duval, 255;
  - Aimerigot Têtenoire, 255;
  - Cartouche; Vidocq, 256;
  - Italian banditti, 256, 257;
  - Schinderhannes and Nadel, 257;
  - evil influence of the “Beggars’ Opera” and other plays on the subject of thieves 253, 257, 258;
  - Lord Byron’s “Corsair” and Schiller’s “Robber,” 259.
- Thomas Aquinas. (See Aquinas.)
- Tiberias, battle of, ii. 63.
- Tibertus, Antiochus, his wonderful prophecies, i. 248.
- Toads dancing at the witches’ “Sabbaths,” ii. 108.
- Tophania, La, a famous poisoner in Italy, her crimes and execution; the nature of her potions, ii. 206.
- Torture, its cruelty exposed by the Duke of Brunswick, ii. 170.
  - (See Witchcraft.)
- Toulouse, witches burnt at, ii. 160.
- Tournaments and judicial combats. (See Duels.)
- Tours, haunted house at, ii. 221.
- Tower Hill, bonfires on the committal of participators in the South-Sea Bubble (engraving), i. 79.
- Tower of London, Raymond Lulli the alchymist said to have practised there, i. 109;
  - poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, ii. 195.
- Transmutation of metals. (See Alchymists.)
- Trees, their significance in dreams, i. 254;
  - susceptible of magnetic influence, 284.
- Trial by Battle. (See Duels and Ordeals.)
- Trithemius, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 124.
- Trois-Echelles executed for witchcraft, ii. 120.
- Troussel, William, his duel with the Constable Du Guesclin (engraving), ii. 261, 271.
- “Truce of God,” the, proclaimed by the first Crusaders, ii. 14.
- “True Cross,” fragments of the, ii. 3, 71.
  - (See Relics.)
- Tulip Mania;
  - the flower first introduced into Europe by Gesner, portrait of Gesner, i. 85;
  - great demand for plants in Holland and Germany, introduced in England from Vienna, the flower described and eulogised by Beckmann and Cowley, 86;
  - rage for bulbs in Holland and their enormous prices, 87;
  - amusing errors of the uninitiated, 88;
  - marts for the sale of bulbs, jobbing and gambling, ruinous extent of the mania and immense profits of speculators, 89;
  - “tulip-notaries” appointed, sudden loss of confidence and fall of prices, meetings, deputation to the government, 90;
  - unfulfilled bargains repudiated by the law courts, 91;
  - the mania in England and France, 91;
  - subsisting value of choice bulbs, 92.
- Tunis invaded by the Crusaders, ii. 96.
- Tunbridge Wells, a witch doctor there in 1830, ii. 189.
- Turner, Mrs. her participation in the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, ii. 194, 198, 199.
- Turpin, Dick, popular admiration of, ii. 251.

- Undines. (See the Rosicrucians.)
- Urban II. preaches the Crusade (frontispiece), ii. 7.

- Valentine, Basil, the alchymist, memoir of, i. 119.
- Valentine’s Day superstitions, i. 258.
- Vauvert, the ruined palace at, haunted, ii. 220.
- Vezelais, cathedral of (engraving), ii. 54.
- Villars, Marshal, his opposition to the Mississippi scheme, i. 16.
- Vulgar phrases. (See Popular Follies.)
- Visions, pretended. (See Barthelemy, Agrippa, and Dr. Dee.)

- Waldenses, the, persecuted and burnt at Arras, ii. 115.
- Walpole, Sir Robert, his warning of the evils of the South-Sea bubble, portrait of him, i. 49-55;
  - his measures to restore credit, 70, 71.
- Walter the Penniless, a leader of the first Crusade, ii. 15, 18.
- Warbois, the witches of, absurd charges against them, their execution, ii. 125.
- “Water of Life,” searchers for. (See Alchymists.)
- Water ordeal. (See Duels and Ordeals.)
- “Weapon-salve,” controversy respecting, i. 265.
- “Wehr-wolves” executed, ii. 120, 168.
- Westminster Abbey, Raymond Lulli, the alchymist, said to have practised there, i. 109;
  - tomb of Queen Eleanor (engraving), ii. 99.
- Weston, Richard, an accomplice in the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, ii. 194, 198, 199.
- Wharton, Duke of, his speeches on the South-Sea Bubble, i. 50, 75.
- Whiston, his prophecy of the end of the world, i. 223.
- William of Tyre preaches the Crusade, ii. 63, 65.
- Wilson, ——, killed in a duel by John Law, i. 3.
- Wirdig, Sebastian, the magnetiser, i. 273.
- Witchcraft:—Account of the witch mania, ii. 101-191;
  - popular belief in witches, ii. 102;
  - their supposed compacts with the devil; popular notions of the devil and demons, 103;
  - witches could secure their services, 107;
  - their meetings or “Sabbaths,” 107, 133, 166, 169, 171;
  - frequent persecution on the pretext of witchcraft, 110;
  - the Stedinger, a section of the Frieslanders, exterminated on that charge, 110;
  - the Templars accused of witchcraft; the Grand Master and others burnt; execution of Joan of Arc (engraving), 113;
  - combined with heresy as a charge against religious reformers, 114;
  - the Waldenses persecuted at Arras; their confessions under torture; belief common to Catholics and Reformers; Florimond on the prevalence of witchcraft, 115;
  - witches executed at Constance; Bull of Pope Innocent VIII.; general crusade against witches, 117;
  - Sprenger’s activity in Germany; Papal commissions, 118;
  - executions in France; sanctioned by Charles IX., 119, 122;
  - Trois Echelles, his confessions and execution, 120;
  - “men-wolves,” executed, 121;
  - English statutes against witchcraft, 123;
  - Bishop Jewell’s exclamations, 124;
  - the witches of Warbois; absurd charges and execution of the victims, 125;
  - annual sermon at Cambridge, ii. 127;
  - popular belief and statutes in Scotland, 127, 154;
  - charges against the higher classes; against John Knox, 128;
  - numerous executions; trial of Gellie Duncan and others, 129;
  - James I., his interest in the subject; Dr. Fian tortured (engraving), 131;
  - confessions of the accused, 132;
  - their execution; further persecution, 135;
  - case of Isabel Gowdie, 136;
  - opinions of Sir George Mackenzie (portrait), 136, 155;
  - death preferred to the imputation of witchcraft, 137, 139;
  - King James’s “Demonology,” 139;
  - the “Lancashire witches” executed, 141;
  - Matthew Hopkins, the “witch-finder general” (engraving), 143;
  - his impositions, cruelty, and retributive fate, 148;
  - “common prickers” in Scotland, 146;
  - Mr. Louis, a clergyman, executed, 147;
  - Glanville’s Sadducismus Triumphatus, 148;
  - witches tried before Sir Matthew Hale (portrait); Sir Thomas Brown’s evidence (portrait); conviction and execution, 148-152;
  - trials before Chief Justices Holt and Powell, 152, 153;
  - the last execution in England, in 1716, 153;
  - Scotch laws on the subject, 154;
  - various trials in Scotland 155-158;
  - last execution in Scotland, in 1722, 158;
  - proceedings of Sprenger in Germany, Bodinus and Delrio in France, 159;
  - executions at Constance, Toulouse, Amsterdam, and Bamberg, 160-162;
  - numerous executions at Wurtzburg, including many children, 163;
  - others at Lendheim, 164;
  - the “Witches’ Gazette,” a German ballad, 165;
  - the Maréchale D’Anere executed, 166;
  - 200 executions at Labourt, 166;
  - “weir-wolves,” belief in, 168;
  - Urbain Grandier, curate of Loudun, executed, 169;
  - singular cases at Lisle, 169;
  - the Duke of Brunswick’s exposure of the cruelty of torture, 170;
  - diminution of charges in Germany, 171;
  - singular remonstrance from the French Parliament to Louis XIV. on his leniency to witches, 171;
  - executions at Mohra, in Sweden, 177;
  - atrocities in New England; a child and a dog executed, 180;
  - the last execution in Switzerland in 1652, 182;
  - the latest on record, in 1749, at Wurtzburg, 184;
  - witches ducked in 1760, 185;
  - Lady Hatton’s reputation for witchcraft; her house in Cross Street, Hatton Garden, (engraving), 186;
  - the horse-shoe a protection against witches, 187;
  - belief in witchcraft recently and still existing, 187;
  - witch-doctors still practising, 189;
  - prevalence of the superstition in France, 189;
  - “floating a witch” (engraving), 191.
- Women accompanying the Crusades in arms, ii. 12, 57, 67.
- Woodstock Palace a “haunted house;” account of the noises, and their cause, ii. 222;
  - view of, 217.
- Wulstan, Bishop, his antipathy to long hair, i. 297.
- Wurtzburg, numerous executions for witchcraft, ii. 162, 184;
  - view in, 183.

- York, Duke of, his duel with Col. Lennox, ii. 293.

- Zara besieged by the Crusaders, ii. 76.
- Zachaire, Denis, the Alchymist, his interesting memoir of himself, i. 146.

THE END

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